ArticleDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Systemic Protein Biomarkers, Composite Blood Inflammatory Indices and Cellular Ratios in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Targets.
Article in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesAlthough informative, current insights into the inflammatory nature of colorectal cancer (CRC) have yet to have a meaningful impact on the prevention of, and development of novel therapies for, the treatment of this prevalent and challenging disease. Accordingly, the current study was focused on identifying putative, key, systemic, mostly pro-inflammatory biomarkers of metastatic CRC (mCRC) prognosis and outcome.
methodsPatients with mCRC (
resultsPlasma levels of 17/25 of the cytokine biomarkers and CRP were found to be significantly elevated, while the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio proved to be the most useful of the various inflammatory indices. Subgroup analysis of the data derived from the group of mCRC patients revealed that the intensity of the systemic inflammatory response was mostly unaffected by tumor location, age, gender, and treatment line. The exception was time to progression, with a shorter time (<120 days) being associated with increased levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the data revealed a possible association with a small group of four cytokines, comprising IL-1β, IL-13, IL-6/CRP and TGF-β1.
conclusionsThis study confirms a strong association of established mCRC with cytokine-driven systemic inflammation. Four of these cytokines, IL-1β/IL-13 IL-6/CRP, and TGF-β1, appear prominent and are possibly indicative of novel targetable therapeutic options.
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