SynthesisJournal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV2026
Large-scale meta-analysis of infection risk with JAK-STAT inhibitors in 29,000 patients.
Synthesis in Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Large-scale meta-analysis of infection risk with JAK-STAT inhibitors in 29,000 patients.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2026Pooled it
- The JAK-STAT pathway in allergic diseases: from pathogenesis to targeted therapy.Biomarker research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionJanus kinase signal transducer and transcription activator (JAK-STAT) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) of the skin, such as in atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata and vitiligo. Although several meta-analyses have confirmed their efficacy, concerns remain about the risk of infection, as the JAK-STAT pathway plays a key role in immune defence. Previous meta-analyses examined only selected, pre-specified infection categories and have not comprehensively evaluated all reported infection types or compared systemic and topical agents.
methodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported infection-related adverse events in patients treated with systemic or topical JAK-STAT inhibitors for IMIDs of the skin. The study followed the PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD 42024615839). Overall risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model.
resultsSeventy-four RCTs were included, involving more than 29,000 patients. JAK-STAT inhibitors were associated with an increased risk of influenza (RR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.03-4.36), bronchitis (RR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.43-2.88) and herpes zoster (RR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.29-2.15) compared to a placebo. The risk was particularly elevated in patients with atopic dermatitis (influenza: 3.22, 95% CI 2.03-5.10, herpes zoster: RR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.34-2.99). No significant risks were identified for serious, fungal or opportunistic infections, and topical JAK-STAT inhibitors demonstrated a favourable safety profile comparable to vehicle controls.
conclusionsThis meta-analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of the risk of infection associated with JAK-STAT inhibitors in IMIDs of the skin. Although overall safety is acceptable, clinicians should be aware of the higher infection risk of influenza and herpes zoster and should consider vaccination and preventive strategies for high-risk patients with atopic dermatitis. The main limitation is that the included studies involved highly selected populations with few comorbidities and short follow-up.
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