ArticleCureus2026
An Unusual Etiology of Cauda Equina Syndrome in an AIDS Patient: A Case Report.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Patients with advanced HIV/AIDS are at high risk for Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) due to impaired immune surveillance and HIV-driven B-cell proliferation. While intracranial lesions are well recognized, spinal involvement remains underrecognized due to the scarcity of well-documented reported cases in the current literature. In this report, we describe the case of a 35-year-old male with a new HIV diagnosis who experienced acute bilateral lower extremity weakness and urinary retention during hospitalization for fever, perianal abscess, and urinary tract infection. Initial CD4 count revealed profound immunosuppression, with a CD4 count of less than 20 cells/μL and a viral load of 178,000 copies/mL. Spinal MRI demonstrated an enhancing mass at T2-T3, with surrounding edema extending to C5-C6 and multiple vertebral lesions, while brain MRI was unremarkable. Liver biopsy confirmed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), establishing a diagnosis of AIDS-associated systemic lymphoma with secondary central nervous system (CNS) involvement presenting as cauda equina syndrome - a neurosurgical emergency with potential for irreversible paralysis. This case underscores the importance of early, comprehensive spinal imaging in HIV-positive patients with new-onset myelopathy or cauda equina symptoms.
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