ArticleBMC health services research2026
Out-of-pocket expenditures, accessibility, and affordability of low-protein nutrition in rare metabolic disorders in Türkiye.
Article in BMC health services research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to examine expenditure items and amounts and whether these expenditures constitute an economic burden for individuals with diseases requiring low-protein diets. The study also evaluates patients' perceptions regarding the adequacy, affordability, and accessibility of dietary products.
methodsIn this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 141 participants living in Türkiye were included in the sample. Most participants had Phenylketonuria (PKU), but individuals with diseases such as maple syrup urine disease, alkaptonuria, and homocystinuria were also included in the study. The study used a 28-question questionnaire form created by the researchers based on expert opinion. The research data collected between 29.09.2023 and 15.03.2024 were analyzed in the SPSS package program.
results84.4% of the study participants were patients with PKU. The study determined that 41.1% of the participants had physician and hospital service expenditures, 27% had expenditures on medicines and medical supplements, 95.7% had low protein food expenditures, and 31.2% had other expenditures (transportation, special education, etc.) other than these items. Most participants reported that the variety of products related to their diseases needs to be improved, product costs are high, and their expenditures on these products pose a challenge for their household budget. When the amounts of expenditures were analyzed, the average annual physician and hospital service expenditure was 636.84 ± 736.44 USD, the average expenditure on medicines and medical supplements was 610.44 ± 741.60 USD, the average low protein food expenditure was 1847.16 ± 1166.88 USD, and the average other expenditure was 764.64 ± 650.76 USD. When all expenditures are considered together, a patient spends an average of 2451.12 ± 1758.12 USD per year.
conclusionThe study demonstrates that annual out-of-pocket expenditures for patients with diseases requiring a low-protein nutrition are considerable, placing a substantial financial strain on affected households. If a household earning the national minimum wage had annual out-of-pocket expenditures at the sample mean, these would represent approximately 39% of their income.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.