Trial reportBMC pregnancy and childbirth2026
The effect of stress ball application on anxiety and fetal well-being during non-stress testing in high-risk pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06302010 (The Effect of Stress Ball Intervention During Non-Stress Test on Anxiety and Fetal Well-Being in Women With High-risk Pregnancy), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Stress Ball Intervention During Non-Stress Test on Anxiety and Fetal Well-Being in Women With High-risk Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Study
Who cites it
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of stress ball use during the non-stress test (NST) on anxiety and fetal well-being in high-risk pregnant women.
methodA randomized controlled pretest-posttest study was conducted with 86 high-risk pregnant women undergoing NST in a public hospital in northern Türkiye. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 43) and control (n = 43) groups. The intervention group used a stress ball during the NST procedure, while the control group received routine care. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), and a Fetal Well-Being Assessment Form. Statistical analyses included t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, Chi-square tests, Wilcoxon tests, and two-way ANCOVA.
resultsThe intervention group had significantly lower posttest anxiety scores (35.56 ± 6.55) than the control group (40.05 ± 6.82) (p = 0.003), with a significant within-group decrease of 9.49 points (p = 0.000). Moreover, fetal movement count and basal fetal heart rate increased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005, respectively). These changes were also significant within the intervention group (p = 0.000).
conclusionStress ball use during NST may be associated with short-term improvements in fetal well-being indicators and maternal anxiety. It is recommended as a simple, low-cost, noninvasive, and drug-free intervention in prenatal care. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT06302010 (Registration Date: 02.10.2024).
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