ArticleBMC public health2026
Socioeconomic factors associated with chlamydia and gonorrhea positivity in the United States, 2022-2024.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundSocioeconomic factors (SEF) can be associated with health outcomes. Understanding the relationships among SEF, demographics, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) positivity can help identify areas to improve STI prevention and care with greatest impact.
methodsWe identified chlamydia and gonorrhea tests from January 2022 to April 2024 for patients aged 15-44 years in the Truveta electronic health record dataset. We estimated the positivity of chlamydia and gonorrhea and stratified by patient demographics (age, sex, race and ethnicity) and SEF measures (recent eviction and educational achievement).
resultsAmong 1,799,427 urogenital chlamydia and 1,795,115 urogenital gonorrhea tests conducted on patients aged 15-44 years from January 2022 to April 2024, the overall chlamydia and gonorrhea positivity were 5.43% and 1.86%, respectively. Patients with no college education on record had higher urogenital chlamydia and gonorrhea positivity than those with 4-year college (5.47% vs. 2.90% for chlamydia and 2.05% vs. 0.66% for gonorrhea). Patients with recent eviction had higher urogenital chlamydia and gonorrhea positivity than those without (7.31% vs. 4.83% for chlamydia and 3.51% vs. 1.67% for gonorrhea).
conclusionThe association between housing insecurity, lower educational attainment, and higher positivity for chlamydia and gonorrhea underscores the need for intersectoral targeted efforts to address challenges contributing to suboptimal STI infections.
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