ArticleCommunications biology2026
ICIsAtlas reveals a suppressive NK cell niche in pan-cancer immunotherapy profiles.
Article in Communications biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have reshaped the treatment in multiple tumors. However, a substantial proportion of patients exhibit limited responses. The lack of harmonized, large-scale pan-cancer ICI datasets coupled with accessible analysis tools hinders the systematic discovery of response biomarkers and resistance mechanisms. Therefore, we developed a comprehensive resource named ICIsAtlas, which encompassed curated transcriptomic and clinical data from 1,268 ICI-treated patients across eight tumor types, with an accompanying R package implementing a complete workflow for deconvolution and biomarker evaluation. Applying the ICIsAtlas framework, a systematic pan-cancer analysis was performed. We identified the universal signatures that were specific for ICI response, including cooperative interactions among favorable immune cells. In addition, we discovered a competitive cell community and SERPING1 + VEGFA+ Natural Killer (NK) cell-mediated immunosuppressive niche in non-responders, which were further validated with single-cell and multiplex immunohistochemistry data. The ICIsAtlas resource and R package represent a powerful, publicly available platform for hypothesis generation and biomarker discovery, which could be used to develop the next-generation biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve tumor immunotherapy.
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