ArticleScientific reports2026
Development and evaluation of a propolis, tea tree oil, and jojoba oil nanoemulgel with enhanced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A mechanically robust and moisture-retentive hydrocolloid dressing for chronic wound management.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Isoprostanes as biomarkers of oxidative stress across human diseases and skin pathologies.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The wound healing's acceleration depends on developing an innovative therapeutic strategy that reduces inflammation, regulates oxidative stress, promotes fibroblast proliferation, and collagen deposition. This study aimed to prepare and evaluate a green nanoemulsion-based formulation containing propolis, tea tree, and jojoba oils to integrate their biological activities for enhanced wound healing efficacy. Nanoemulsion formulations were prepared via a low-energy emulsification approach and characterized by zeta potential, hydrodynamic size (DLS), polydispersity index (PDI), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed. In addition, cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay against the HSF-1 normal skin cell line. Additionally, NO and IL-1β levels were measured on NHDF-Ad cells. A propolis nanoemulgel (PNEG) was produced using Carbopol 940 as a gelling agent. The in vivo wound healing efficacy of PNEG was tested by evaluating wound closure rate, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and histopathological alterations in healed tissues. The obtained results demonstrated that, the optimized formula displayed a zeta potential of - 28.6 ± 1.91 mV, a DLS of 187.8 ± 3.29 nm, and a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC
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