ArticleScientific reports2026
Morphological and pomological diversity of fig (ficus carica l.) germplasm in North-Western India.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Fig (Ficus carica L.) represents one of the most ancient and economically important fruit crops with significant nutritional and medicinal properties. The study evaluated the morphological and pomological variability of 40 fig genotypes during 2023-2025 at Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, India. The germplasm included 39 indigenous varieties from different regions of Jammu and Kashmir, alongside a commercial variety "Brown Turkey'. A total of 35 morpho-pomological parameters including tree, leaf, fruit characteristics, were evaluated. Most of the genotypes exhibited significant variability with coefficient of variations (CV) above 20.00% ranging from 11.40% to 136.10%, revealing exceptionally high phenotypic diversity. Fruit weight showed strong and positive correlation with fruit width (r = 0.97) and fruit flesh thickness (r = 0.97), moderately with fruit shape (r = 0.48) and ostiole width (r = 0.44), but negatively with total soluble solids (r = -0.30) and ease of peeling (r = -0.39). Principal component analysis revealed five components explaining 80.12% of cumulative variance, with PC1 (26.20%) primarily associated with fruit and leaf size-related traits. Ward cluster analysis using Euclidean distance grouped genotypes into two main clusters, each with two sub-clusters, with the maximum genetic distance observed between Cluster I and Cluster II. Genotypes such as SKJFRa (Sel-14) and SKJFRa (Sel-17) emerged as particularly promising. SKJFRa (Sel-14) excelled in fruit size, flesh thickness and resistance to cracking for better storability, while SKJFRa (Sel-17) offered higher sugar content (TSS) with greater tree vigour. The results demonstrate that Himalayan fig germplasm possesses a rich phenotypic diversity and identified genotypes represent a valuable genetic resource for conservation and climate-resilient breeding programs targeting morpho-pomological improvements and adaptation to challenging environmental conditions.
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