Benzalkonium Chloride-Induced Nephrotoxicity in 2D Cultures and a Human Kidney-on-a-Chip System.

Marie N Brzoska, Ryan P Seguin, James W MacDonald, Jade Yang, Vanessa A Lopez, Sydney Arnzen, Edward J Kelly, Libin Xu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Environmental science & technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Marie N BrzoskaDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.

Ryan P SeguinDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.

James W MacDonaldDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.

Jade YangDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.

Vanessa A LopezDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.

Sydney ArnzenDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.

Edward J KellyDepartment of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.

Libin XuDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1021-5200

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are antimicrobial compounds widely used across a variety of settings, and the COVID-19 pandemic has led to significantly increased usage of BAC-containing products. Previous studies in animals have shown that the kidney is the primary site of BAC accumulation, whereas the liver does not accumulate BACs, likely due to efficient hepatic cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism. Thus, we hypothesized that low BAC-metabolizing capacity contributes to the extent of BAC buildup in the kidney and promotes subsequent kidney injury. Using 2D-cultured proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs), we found that renal metabolism is insufficient to detoxify BACs. We then assessed BACs' nephrotoxicity using a novel 3D "kidney-on-a-chip" microphysiological system (MPS). The MPS was exposed to C

Indexed as

Benzalkonium CompoundsKidneyCells, CulturedEpithelial CellsHumansKidney Tubules, ProximalMicrophysiological SystemsBenzalkonium Compoundsbenzalkonium chloridekidney-on-a-chipmicrophysiological systemnephrotoxicityproximal tubule epithelial cell

Identifiers

PMID42184204

DOI10.1021/acs.est.5c15625

PMCPMC13262029

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.