ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2026
From prototype to veterinary patient: a pharmacokinetic clinical trial of 3D-printed pimobendan tablets in beagle dogs.
Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
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Abstract
Pimobendan (PBD) is widely used to manage canine heart failure; however, commercially available formulations present limitations such as restricted dose flexibility and large tablet sizes, which may compromise long-term treatment individualisation. Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers a promising alternative by enabling customisable veterinary formulations. This study presents the first in vivo pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of 3D-printed PBD tablets (printlets) specifically designed for and administered to dogs. Printlets containing 2.5 mg of PBD were produced by semisolid extrusion 3D printing and compared with the commercial formulation Vetmedin
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