Engineering Metal-Organic Frameworks with Ag, Zn, and Cu for Enhanced Antimicrobial Efficacy: From Fundamentals to Antibacterial Strategies, and Challenges.

Nadhir N A Jafar, Ilkhom Khaydarov, Farag M A Altalbawy, Gulnoza Qurbonova, Safa H Radie, Umida Tashkenbaeva, Aseel Smerat

Abstract readReview

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In one paragraph

Review in Biological trace element research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nadhir N A JafarCollege of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, 56001, Iraq. nadhir.jafar.na@gmail.com.

Ilkhom KhaydarovSchool of Exact Sciences, National Pedagogical University of Uzbekistan named after Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Farag M A AltalbawyDepartment of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Gulnoza QurbonovaDepartment of Morphological Sciences, Termez University of Economics and Service, Termez, Uzbekistan.

Safa H RadieDepartment of medical analysis, Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.

Umida TashkenbaevaDepartment of dermatovenerology and cosmetology N1, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Aseel SmeratHourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The growing threat of antibiotic‑resistant bacteria necessitates the development of novel antibacterial strategies. This review examines metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) incorporating silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) as promising antibacterial agents. These MOFs exhibit multiple antibacterial mechanisms, including the controlled release of metal ions, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the direct disruption of bacterial cell structures. Furthermore, this review discusses key design considerations, such as the selection of appropriate metal centers, enhancement of structural stability, regulation of ion release, and surface modification strategies to improve antibacterial efficacy while maintaining biocompatibility. Comparing them, Ag-MOFs are the strongest against many bacteria but can be toxic; Zn-MOFs are biocompatible and help healing; Cu-MOFs are cost-effective and use redox reactions well. We review synthesis methods (from conventional heating to green grinding) and applications in medicine, environmental remediation, and industry, and we cite recent high‑impact studies reporting high antibacterial efficiencies against challenging strains under defined conditions (e.g., MIC‑based or time‑kill assays). We critically discuss limitations-long‑term stability, mechanistic clarity, and biosafety-and propose future directions, including on‑demand MOFs, hybrid materials, and coordinated translational efforts.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaCopperMetal-Organic FrameworksSilverZincHumansAnti-Bacterial AgentsCopperMetal-Organic FrameworksSilverZincAntibacterial materialsAntimicrobial mechanismsCopperMetal–organic frameworksSilverZinc

Identifiers

PMID42183920

DOI10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131531

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.