A Millimeter-Scale Implantable Magneto-Mechano-Electric Transducer Based on BTO Piezoelectric Ceramics for Remote Wireless Electrical Stimulation of Injured Sciatic Nerves.

Yijing Wang, Jingyu Tian, Zhe Xu, Cuiling Zhang, Jingen Wu, Ming Liu, Zhilu Ye, Xiaohui Zhang

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yijing WangState Key Laboratory For Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory For Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Jingyu TianState Key Laboratory For Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory For Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Zhe XuState Key Laboratory For Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory For Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Cuiling ZhangState Key Laboratory For Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory For Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Jingen WuState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Spin Quantum Sensor Chips, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Universities of Shaanxi Province, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Ming LiuState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Spin Quantum Sensor Chips, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Universities of Shaanxi Province, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-948X

Zhilu YeState Key Laboratory For Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory For Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Xiaohui ZhangState Key Laboratory For Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory For Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-7376

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFB3206805HZNational Key Research and Development Program of China GXKJXM20230186National Natural Science Foundation of China 62401454

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrical stimulation is widely recognized as an effective strategy for promoting functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. However, conventional stimulators rely on wired connections or implanted batteries, severely limiting implantability, biosafety, and clinical translation. Recent wireless, battery-free piezoelectric systems, primarily based on ultrasound or pressure-driven transduction, remain constrained by auxiliary equipment, working distance, and external control. Here, we report a fully wireless, circuit-free neural stimulator built on a millimetric magneto-mechano-electric (MME) cantilever transducer (3 × 10 × 5 mm) with a barium titanate (BTO) piezoelectric ceramic core. Under low-frequency alternating magnetic fields, the MME cantilever mechanically oscillates, inducing stress on the BTO element and thereby converting magnetic energy into therapeutic electrical pulses. The use of BTO minimizes potential biosafety risks. Moreover, the device operates stably at 16 cm from the magnetic source, outperforming most existing wireless stimulators. In vitro, MME-mediated stimulation doubles PC12 neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation. In a rat sciatic nerve injury model, the implanted stimulator exhibits excellent biosafety and significantly enhances nerve regeneration and motor recovery, achieving a ∼1.5-fold improvement in the sciatic functional index.

Indexed as

Barium CompoundsCeramicsElectric StimulationElectric Stimulation TherapyPeripheral Nerve InjuriesSciatic NerveTitaniumWireless TechnologyAnimalsRatsTransducersBarium Compoundsbarium titanate(IV)Titaniumbattery‐freebiocompatible materialscantilevermagneto‐mechano‐electricno‐circuit systemsciatic nerve repairwireless

Identifiers

PMID42183844

DOI10.1002/advs.75833

PMCPMC13335879

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.