ArticleResearch square2026
Functional brain growth trajectories across the first decade of life from a single longitudinal cohort.
Haitao Chen, Janelle Liu, Yifan Gao, Kaiqiao Han, Joe Blocher, Emil Cornea, Yizhou Sun, Debiao Li, John H Gilmore, Wei Gao
Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraphArticle in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registryThe trial behind it
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3 · Its place in the literatureWho cites it
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4 · The recordCorrections and comments
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5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
10 authors.
Haitao ChenCedars-Sinai Health Sciences University Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Janelle LiuCedars-Sinai Health Sciences University Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-8242-2973 Yifan GaoCedars-Sinai Health Sciences University Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Kaiqiao HanDepartment of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
Joe BlocherDepartment of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Emil CorneaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Debiao LiCedars-Sinai Health Sciences University Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
John H GilmoreDepartment of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Wei GaoCedars-Sinai Health Sciences University Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Funding
Prospective study of the onset of schizophreniaP50MH064065 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI GILMORE, JOHN HORACE · 2002 to 2011
$19.6MThe Effect of Nanoparticle Encapsulated Resveratrol on Treatment of PeriodontitisKL2TR001882 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Elizabeta Nemeth · 2016 to 2026
$13.1MEarly Brain Development in TwinsR01MH070890 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI GILMORE, JOHN HORACE · 2004 to 2014
$5.3MEarly Brain Development in One and Two Year OldsR01HD053000 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI GILMORE, JOHN HORACE · 2007 to 2018
$4.4MEffects of Prenatal Opiates on Infant Brain and Neurobehavioral DevelopmentR01DA043678 · NIDA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI GAO, WEI, GREWEN, KAREN M · 2018 to 2022
$3.6MThe Origins of Preadolescent Risk for Psychiatric Disorders in Early Childhood Brain DevelopmentR01MH111944 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI GILMORE, JOHN HORACE · 2017 to 2021
$3.5MEffects of prenatal cocaine on early brain functional connectivity and behaviorR01DA042988 · NIDA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI GAO, WEI, GREWEN, KAREN M · 2017 to 2021
$3.4MEarly Brain Development in TwinsU01MH070890 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI GILMORE, JOHN HORACE · 2015 to 2019
$2.9MNCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR001882NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD053000NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA042988NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA043678NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH064065NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH070890NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH111944NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH070890
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
The first decade of life is marked by rapid reorganization of functional brain networks, yet normative longitudinal trajectories of key properties characterizing brain functional connectivity remain poorly defined. Using 1,436 resting-state fMRI scans from 633 children followed from birth to 10 years, we derived the first normative growth trajectories of functional connectivity maturation, network topology, and large-scale functional gradients. Network development followed a hierarchical, nonlinear pattern from primary to transmodal systems. Children later diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders showed disrupted functional gradient trajectories. Early measures of functional connectivity predicted later socioemotional and cognitive outcomes at 8 and 10 years of age. A deep learning brain-age prediction model revealed disorder-specific deviations, distinguishing risk groups in early childhood. Together, these findings establish normative reference curves for functional brain development and demonstrate the prognostic value of early functional connectivity measures, offering novel imaging biomarkers for the early identification of neurodevelopmental risk.
Identifiers
PMID42183358
PMCPMC13193112
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