ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026
Nanoparticles isolated from the Gubi Zhitong formula alleviate knee osteoarthritis by reprogramming macrophages.
Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a whole-joint disease characterized by synovitis and joint cartilage destruction. The severity of KOA is highly associated with an imbalance between M1 and M2 synovial macrophages. Emerging evidence suggests that nanoparticles present in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) decoctions may serve as bioactive components with therapeutic potential. Herein, we innovatively isolated nanoparticles from the Gubi Zhitong formula (NPG), a TCM formulation with long-term clinical use in OA for its anti-inflammatory effects, and aimed to investigate whether NPG attenuates KOA by reprogramming synovial macrophage polarization in KOA models. Our findings revealed that NPG, being rich in flavonoids and phenylpropanoids, could form stable nano-structures via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, which significantly improved joint function, mitigating pathological features, including cartilage erosion and synovial hyperplasia. Comprehensive
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