Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42182866›Full record

ReviewMaterials today. Bio2026

Tailoring virus-inspired nanoparticles for advanced drug and gene delivery.

Ruilin Zhou, Miao Xu, Xuting Zheng, Jiabin Xu, Jiatong Li, Huinan Tong, Chunyang Zhao, Jiali Han, Longlong Luo, Heran Li

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ruilin ZhouDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
Miao XuSchool of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
Xuting ZhengDepartment of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
Jiabin XuSchool of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
Jiatong LiSchool of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
Huinan TongSchool of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
Chunyang ZhaoDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
Jiali HanDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
Longlong LuoState Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing, 100039, China.
Heran LiSchool of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Viruses, as naturally evolved gene delivery systems, exhibit exceptional efficiency in overcoming biological barriers, targeting specific cells, and inducing robust immune responses. Inspired by these characteristics, virus-mimicking nanocarriers have become a promising strategy for enhancing drug and gene delivery. This review provides a detailed exploration of virus-inspired nanodelivery systems, with particular emphasis on their structural and functional biomimetic properties. We first focus on natural viral delivery platforms, such as viral nanoparticles and virus-like particles. Then, we discuss the application of biomimetic strategies that mimic viral morphology and topological structure in overcoming multiple physiological barriers in the body. Particularly, we examine bioinspired strategies that mimic key viral infection functions, including overcoming physiological barriers, cell adhesion and surface recognition, membrane fusion and cellular internalization, environmental perception and endosomal escape, intracellular trafficking and organelle targeting, and immune modulation. Additionally, we highlight the integration of intelligent strategies to optimize delivery efficiency. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future opportunities in the field, aiming to advance virus-inspired nanomedicine toward clinical applications.

Indexed as

Biomimetic nanoparticlesDrug deliveryGene therapyImmune modulationTargeted deliveryViral nanoparticlesVirus-inspired nanoparticlesVirus-like particles

Identifiers

PMID42182866
PMCPMC13196398

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.