Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42182394›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Programmable synthetic cytokine receptors polarize macrophages to user-defined functional states.

Judith C Lunger, Lucas E Sant'Anna, Antonio Salcido-Alcántar, Rebeca Arroyo Hornero, Wansang Cho, Alun Vaughan-Jackson, Mingxin Gu, Jenny Y Liu, Alex N Beckett, Joaquin Parrilla-Garcia and 3 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Judith C LungerDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6241-1070
Lucas E Sant'AnnaDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3009-8072
Antonio Salcido-AlcántarDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-5615-5927
Rebeca Arroyo HorneroDivision of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7026-7358
Wansang ChoDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5262-9543
Alun Vaughan-JacksonDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7334-3803
Mingxin GuDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Jenny Y LiuDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2309-3054
Alex N BeckettDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9396-9504
Joaquin Parrilla-GarciaDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-1762-6885
Sneha RamakrishnaStanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7445-3190
Michael C BassikDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5185-8427
Kyle G DanielsDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9992-1210

Funding

INSTITUTIONAL TRAINING GRANT IN GENOME SCIENCET32HG000044 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MICHAEL P. SNYDER · 1995 to 2026
$32.2M
Combinatorial Engineering of Multicellular Synthetic Immunotherapy SystemsDP2EB039061 · NIBIB · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DANIELS, KYLE GABRIEL · 2025 to 2025
$1.4M
Combinatorial engineering of a three-cell synthetic immunotherapy systemR21EB037367 · NIBIB · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI KYLE GABRIEL DANIELS · 2025 to 2026
$424k
NHGRI NIH HHS T32 HG000044NIBIB NIH HHS DP2 EB039061NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB037367
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Technology that precisely controls macrophage polarization to distinct functional states would deepen our understanding of macrophage biology and enable the development of new macrophage cell therapies. Here, we use a synthetic cytokine receptor (SCR) platform with a programmable signaling domain to control the polarization of primary human macrophages. SCRs containing signaling motifs from the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) or Interleukin-10 (IL-10) receptors mimic key features of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory polarization, respectively. Random recombination of nine distinct signaling motifs to create new SCR signaling domains generates a diverse landscape of synthetic macrophage states with varied expression of inflammatory markers (CD80, CD40) and anti-inflammatory markers (CD163, CD206), and varied phagocytic capacity. SCRs programmed with multiple YLxQ motifs increase macrophage phagocytosis of

Identifiers

PMID42182394
PMCPMC13192837

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.