Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42181832›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in rehabilitation sciences2026

Exploring clinician-reported assessments of capacity and performance qualifiers in the ICF: a scoping review.

Tobias Kaarsbo, Jeppe Grabov Phillip, Thomas Maribo, Kristian Hansen, Huib Ten Napel, Lisbeth Rosenbek Minet

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Tobias KaarsboDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Jeppe Grabov PhillipGeriatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Thomas MariboDEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark.
Kristian HansenFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Huib Ten NapelDutch WHO-Collaborating Centre, RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
Lisbeth Rosenbek MinetDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a standardized rating system called "qualifiers" to describe capacity and performance, reflecting what a person can do and what a person does, respectively, yet their clinician-reported use remains conceptually and methodologically unclear. Objective: To map and describe clinician-reported assessments linked to capacity and performance qualifiers, and to examine how these qualifiers have been operationalized in practice. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Systematic searches were performed in five bibliographic databases and grey literature sources from 2001 to August 2025. The protocol was registered prospectively on the Open Science Framework. Studies were included if they described clinician-reported assessments applying capacity and/or performance qualifiers in accordance with original ICF definitions. Results: Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Identified assessments were confined to a narrow range of Mobility categories, namely walking and use of the upper extremities. Most studies retrofitted existing clinical tests to qualifiers using heterogeneous approaches, including percentage-based thresholds, normative distributions, or clinically defined descriptors. Only one study developed an assessment specifically designed for qualifier use. Explicit differentiation between capacity and performance was rarely reported, and validation of qualifier thresholds was limited. Conclusions: Nearly a quarter of a century after the adoption of the ICF, clinician-reported use aligned with original ICF capacity and performance definitions remains limited, conceptually ambiguous, and methodologically inconsistent. Clearer conceptual definitions and internationally agreed, category-specific criteria are needed to enable meaningful, reliable, and comparable clinician-reported assessments of functioning.

Indexed as

activity and participationcapacitydisability and healthICF qualifiersinternational classification of functioningperformancescoping review

Identifiers

PMID42181832
PMCPMC13191736

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.