ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2026
Coronary slow flow phenomenon: a meta-analysis of clinical risk predictors.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association Between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scores and TIMI Frame Count-Defined Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon in Patients with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: As coronary angiography becomes more common, more cases of coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) are detected. To identify key clinical predictors of CSFP, we conducted a meta-analysis. This aims to improve treatment decisions for affected patients. Methods: We searched multiple databases (Embase, Web of Science, PubMed) up to May 2025 for studies on the association between clinical risk factors and CSFP. Study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Results: We identified 23 eligible studies, comprising a total of 2,309 patients with CSFP and 3,377 controls. The pooled analysis identified several clinically independent risk factors for CSFP: Triglycerides (TG)[odds ratio (OR) = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.02)], Totol cholesterol (TC)[OR = 1.008, CI: 1.001-1.015],White blood cell (WBC) counts[OR = 1.07, CI: 1.04-1.10], Platelets/lymphocytes ratio (PLR)[OR = 1.01, CI: 1.01-1.02], Body mass index (BMI)[OR = 1.09, CI: 1.05-1.13], and platelet count (PC) [OR = 1.009, CI: 1.006-1.011], Current smoke (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.07-1.10) were significantly associated with an increased risk of CSFP. Conclusion: This comprehensive meta-analysis identifies seven key modifiable risk factors for CSFP. These findings not only enhance risk prediction models but also suggest potential therapeutic targets through lipid optimization, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet strategies, weight control and smoking cessation interventions in CSFP management. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD420251057679.
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