ArticleCureus2026
Granulomatous Lung Inflammation of Unknown Causes Following COVID-19.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction Several studies have reported that COVID-19 increases the risk of autoimmune diseases, including sarcoidosis. Recently, we reported cases of pulmonary granulomatous inflammation distinct from sarcoidosis following COVID-19.Based on these observations, we hypothesize that COVID-19 may induce pulmonary granulomatous inflammation distinct from sarcoidosis. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of adult patients (≥18 years) with pathologically confirmed noncaseating granulomas in the lung and/or thoracic lymph nodes (hilar or mediastinal) between January 2020 and August 2023. Results Fifty-four cases with pathologically confirmed noncaseating granulomas were identified. Specimens showing noncaseating granulomas were obtained by bronchoscopy in 36 cases (66.7%) and by surgery in 18 cases (33.3%). Three cases (5.6%) of noncaseating granulomas of unknown etiology were identified. Two of the three cases (3.7%) had a history of COVID-19 prior to the development of pulmonary granulomatous inflammation. Conclusion In the study, 5.6% of cases of noncaseating granulomatous inflammation in the lung and/or thoracic lymph nodes were of unknown etiology, and two of these cases (3.7%) had antecedent COVID-19. These findings suggest that COVID-19 may be associated with the development of pulmonary granulomatous inflammation distinct from sarcoidosis.
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