Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42181372›Full record

ArticleCureus2026

Effect of a Salt Reduction Campaign in a Community Clinic: A Retrospective Study.

Hiroshi Sunagawa, Misa Chinen, Shota Miyagi, Kaoru Gaja, Kae Sunagawa, Misaki Ikema, Norifumi Kamiya, Sumito Sunagawa, Isao Komesu, Atsushi Sakima

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Hiroshi SunagawaInternal Medicine Department, Sunagawa Medical Clinic, Uruma, JPN.
Misa ChinenInternal Medicine Department, Sunagawa Medical Clinic, Uruma, JPN.
Shota MiyagiInternal Medicine Department, Sunagawa Medical Clinic, Uruma, JPN.
Kaoru GajaInternal Medicine Department, Sunagawa Medical Clinic, Uruma, JPN.
Kae SunagawaInternal Medicine Department, Sunagawa Medical Clinic, Uruma, JPN.
Misaki IkemaInternal Medicine Department, Sunagawa Medical Clinic, Uruma, JPN.
Norifumi KamiyaInternal Medicine Department, Sunagawa Medical Clinic, Uruma, JPN.
Sumito SunagawaInternal Medicine Department, Sunagawa Medical Clinic, Uruma, JPN.
Isao KomesuInternal Medicine Department, Sunagawa Medical Clinic, Uruma, JPN.
Atsushi SakimaHealth Administration Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JPN.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExcessive sodium chloride (salt) intake is a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, such as hypertension, and initiatives to reduce salt intake are essential. This study assessed whether a salt reduction campaign reduced salt intake in outpatients attending a community clinic.

methodsOf 2,429 outpatients whose baseline estimated salt intake was measured using spot urine during the campaign conducted from February 1 to June 30, 2018, 655 outpatients (42.4% female, mean age of 61.6 ± 13.1 years) with a baseline salt intake of ≥10 g/day and ≥2 salt intake measurements within six months of the campaign were included. During the campaign, healthcare providers displayed information on low-salt foods and a poster depicting the association between excess salt intake and hypertension, and encouraged outpatients to measure their salt intake. The primary outcome was the change in salt intake.

resultsSalt intake decreased from 11.6 ± 1.69 to 9.4 ± 2.44 g/day (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) decreased from 27.4 ± 5.0 to 27.2 ± 5.0 kg/m² (p < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased from 132.3 ± 13.0 to 131.1 ± 13.5 mmHg (p = 0.028) in this population. Correlation analysis of the factors associated with changes in salt intake identified changes in BMI (r = 0.192, p < 0.001) and SBP (r = 0.176, p < 0.001). Estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased slightly; however, no clinically significant renal events were identified.

conclusionThis simple campaign represents a practical strategy to reduce salt intake in routine clinical practice.

Indexed as

community clinichypertensionnoncommunicable diseaseretrospective studysalt reduction campaign

Identifiers

PMID42181372
PMCPMC13195409

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.