ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Efficacy and safety of dydrogesterone monotherapy versus estradiol-dydrogesterone combination therapy in perimenopausal women: a real-world cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To compare the 12-week effectiveness and safety of dydrogesterone monotherapy versus estradiol-dydrogesterone (E2/DYD) combination therapy in women with perimenopausal symptoms in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 150 women treated at a tertiary gynecological outpatient clinic between July 2022 and January 2025 (dydrogesterone: n=60; E2/DYD: n=90). The primary endpoint was change in the Kupperman Menopause Index (KMI) from baseline to week 12. Repeated measures were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Secondary outcomes included clinical response (≥50% KMI reduction), endometrial thickness change, and adverse events. Continuous outcomes were evaluated using adjusted linear regression models, and binary outcomes were analyzed using Firth penalized logistic regression. Results: At 12 weeks, KMI decreased by 8.0 ± 6.6 points in the dydrogesterone group and 12.5 ± 7.4 points in the E2/DYD group (adjusted mean difference -4.51, 95% CI -6.90 to -2.12; p<0.001). Clinical response occurred in 31.5% and 51.2% of participants, respectively (adjusted OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.02-4.45; p=0.042). Improvements in vasomotor and mood-related symptoms were more pronounced in the combination group. Endometrial thickness increased modestly in the E2/DYD group (+0.60 mm), with week-12 mean values remaining within physiologic ranges. Any adverse event was reported in 11.1% versus 31.7% of participants (adjusted OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.29-9.77; p=0.014), predominantly mild and self-limited events. Conclusion: In this real-world cohort, E2/DYD combination therapy was associated with greater short-term symptom reduction compared with dydrogesterone monotherapy. Although adverse events were more frequent with combination therapy, they were generally mild and clinically manageable, and no concerning endometrial safety signals were observed over 12 weeks. As a retrospective observational study, causal conclusions cannot be drawn, and these findings should be regarded as hypothesis-generating. They provide real-world contextual evidence to inform clinical discussions around hormone therapy selection in perimenopausal care, pending confirmation in prospective randomized trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.