ArticleTranslational cancer research2026
Overexpression of FOXO1 may suppress proliferation and migration and correlate with tumor immune cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Article in Translational cancer research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is known to be dysregulated in multiple tumors and is significantly linked to tumor metastasis and invasion. Nevertheless, its role in the development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to examine alterations in FOXO1 expression in NPC and its effects on biological behavior. Methods: A bioinformatics approach to Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets was employed to analyze the expression levels of FOXO1 in NPC and to evaluate its prognostic value and association with immune cell infiltration. Moreover, the transcriptional and protein levels of FOXO1 were verified in NPC tissues and cells using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Lastly, cell lines transiently overexpressing FOXO1 were established, and its effects on NPC cell migration and proliferation were confirmed through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, Transwell invasion, and migration assays. Results: Bioinformatics analysis revealed that FOXO1 transcriptomic expression was significantly reduced in NPC samples compared to control samples, showing strong diagnostic potential with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.842. Low FOXO1 expression was associated with advanced clinical stages, tumor microenvironment (TME) subtypes, high Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expression, and poor prognosis in NPC patients. RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses demonstrated reduced FOXO1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in NPC cell lines and tissues. Functional assays showed that FOXO1 suppressed NPC cell proliferation and invasion Conclusions: The downregulation of FOXO1 mRNA and protein in NPC underscores its potential as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker. FOXO1 inhibits tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, modulates immune cell infiltration within the TME, and represents a promising therapeutic target in NPC.
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