Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42180436›Full record

ArticleInterventional pain medicine2026

FactFinders for patient safety: Hyperglycemia and steroid injections.

George Christolias, Patricia Zheng, Christin A Tiegs-Heiden, Haewon Lee, Gerald Yeung, Kathryn Grace, Chase Young, David Levi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Interventional pain medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

George ChristoliasColumbia University Medical Center, Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Patricia ZhengDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Christin A Tiegs-HeidenDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Haewon LeeJefferson Moss-Magee Rehab, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Gerald YeungStanford University Medical Center, Redwood City, CA, USA.
Kathryn GraceDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Chase YoungDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
David LeviJordan-Young Institute, Virginia Beach, VA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This series of FactFinders presents a brief summary of the evidence and outlines recommendations regarding hyperglycemia and steroid injections. The evidence in support of the following facts is presented: (1) Corticosteroid injections can safely be administered to patients with Diabetes-Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) in most cases, including those with suboptimal management. Because there is a risk of hyperglycemia and related complications in these patients, a trial of conservative care before proceeding with a steroid injection is optimal. Patients with DM2 should be counseled on the signs, risks, and sequelae of hyperglycemia in the post-injection period and appropriate steps to take if significant hyperglycemia occurs. (2) No universally accepted "safe" pre-injection glucose cutoff exists, but expert consensus and studies provide some guidance, and physicians should engage in shared decision-making with patients to consider individualized thresholds to mitigate potential harms.

Identifiers

PMID42180436
PMCPMC13194597

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.