ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2026
Group B streptococcal disease in infants 0-3 months in The Netherlands, 1987-2023: a nationwide genomic and epidemiological surveillance study.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Group B Methods: This nationwide observational study identified infants aged 0-89 days with GBS culture-positive sepsis or meningitis between July 1987 and June 2024, through Dutch surveillance. Serotype was determined by latex agglutination. Whole-genome sequencing determined the clonal complex (CC) using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and identified virulence factors associated with meningitis. Strain coverage by the maternal vaccines GBS6 and GBS-AlpN were analysed. Findings: 2212 episodes were identified; 1307 (59%) early onset disease (0-6 days) and 905 (41%) late onset disease (7-89 days). Mean annual incidence was 0·33 per 1000 live births and significantly increased from 0·19 in 1987 to 0·57 in 2023 due to an increase in sepsis cases (p < 0·0001). Serotype data was available for 2163 (98%) of 2212 isolates, of which serotype III was most common (1316/2163; 61%), followed by Ia (383/2163; 18%) and II (123/2163; 6%). MLST data was available for 1723 (78%) isolates; CC17 was most common (705/1723; 41%). CC17 increased from 29% (90/308) in 1987-1996 to 49% (262/538) in 2014-2023 (p < 0·0001). 97% (2095/2163) of cases would be covered by the GBS6 vaccine, and 99% (1709/1723) by GBS-AlpN. Interpretation: GBS disease is still increasing in the Netherlands. The GBS6 and GBS-AlpN vaccines would potentially prevent >96% of cases. Funding: Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW) and ItsME foundation.
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