Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42180053›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026

A novel auto-fluorescent porphyrin-lipid nanoparticle strategy for CTNNB1 gene silencing in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Jeffrey C To, Alyssa Apilan, Elisa Pasini, Yulin Mo, Juan Chen, Anita Bakrania, Jiachuan Bu, Anni Pan, Oyedele Adeyi, Arndt Vogel and 2 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jeffrey C ToAjmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Alyssa ApilanAjmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Elisa PasiniAjmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Yulin MoPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Juan ChenPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Anita BakraniaAjmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jiachuan BuPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Anni PanPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Oyedele AdeyiDepartment of Pathology and University of Minnesota Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Arndt VogelPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Gang ZhengAjmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mamatha BhatAjmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a high-fatality cancer with limited effective therapies. CTNNB1 mutations, frequently observed in HCC, are associated with poor prognosis and immune evasion. CTNNB1 has long been considered an undruggable target due to its structural characteristics and extensive protein interactions. Porphyrin lipid nanoparticles (porphyrin-LNPs) are capable of targeting liver tumor cells, and their inherent autofluorescence allows evaluation of nanoparticle biodistribution in the liver. Our goal was to formulate a porphyrin-LNP encapsulating CTNNB1-targeting siRNA, as a novel strategy to target β-catenin-driven HCCs. Methods: We developed porphyrin-LNPs for systemic delivery of CTNNB1-targeting siRNA. Porphyrin-LNPs were synthesized via microfluidic rapid mixing and characterized by cryo-TEM and dynamic light scattering. Their delivery efficacy was validated in HCC cell lines (Hep3B, HepG2), and their therapeutic potential was evaluated in a murine model of CTNNB1/KRAS-driven HCC. Results: Porphyrin-LNPs showed high encapsulation efficiency (97%) and effective siRNA delivery Conclusions: This study demonstrated that porphyrin-LNPs can effectively deliver siRNA to silence CTNNB1, an oncogene that has so far been undruggable in HCC. Future studies should explore biodistribution, immune modulation, and combination strategies to enhance clinical translatability of CTNNB1-targeted RNA interference in HCC.

Indexed as

CTNNB1hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)porphyrin-lipid nanoparticlesRNA interferencetargeted gene therapyβ-catenin

Identifiers

PMID42180053
PMCPMC13193860

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