ArticleJAC-antimicrobial resistance2026
Over-the-counter sales of high-priority antibiotics are common: results of a global survey.
Article in JAC-antimicrobial resistance, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical public health threat exacerbated by the sales of antibiotics without prescriptions. Despite national action plans, data on global over-the-counter (OTC) availability remains limited. Methods: We surveyed members of the AMR Insights Ambassador Network across 37 countries using a web-based instrument. Data analysis was conducted by the survey programme and verified by two authors (X.Y. and N.M.M.). Results: Despite regulations, 65% of respondents reported antibiotics were available OTC in their countries. Pharmacies were the primary source (85.9%), followed by internet vendors (23.4%). Notably, carbapenems and glycopeptides were reported to be available without prescriptions by 36.7% and 26.7% of respondents, respectively. Conclusions: These findings highlight a significant gap between policy and practice. The availability of high-priority antimicrobials without prescriptions demands urgent regulatory enforcement and improved surveillance of both physical pharmacies and digital marketplaces.
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