ReviewRegenerative biomaterials2026
Immunotherapy and postoperative bone defect repair strategies based on osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment characteristics: balancing antitumor effects and promotion of bone regeneration.
Review in Regenerative biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- A 'three-axis synergy' immunotherapeutic strategy for malignant bone tumors based on natural bioactives and bioactive materials.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Multifunctional Shape-Memory Polyurethane/MnOMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Advances in the association between tumor immune microenvironment remodeling in osteosarcoma and the risk of pathological fractures.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Advances in orthopedic biomaterials have significantly improved the bone regeneration domain; however, postoperative bone defect repair after bone tumor resection-particularly for osteosarcoma, a common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents-remains a critical exception. Osteosarcoma's aggressiveness, early metastatic propensity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (OS-TME) limit conventional therapies, yielding poor prognosis in recurrence or metastasis cases. Although traditional tissue engineering promotes bone regeneration, it inadvertently sustains tumor growth, recurrence and metastasis via cytokines such as TGF-β1, VEGF and BMP-2. Mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells worsen this by inducing M2 macrophage polarization, creating a tumor-supportive immune niche. Our prior research on biodegradable magnesium for bone repair showed Mg
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.