ArticleRegenerative biomaterials2026
Bioengineering developmentally inspired matrix vesicles as designer nanotherapeutics for bone regeneration.
Article in Regenerative biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Refining the biomanufacturing of microalgae-derived extracellular vesicles as a potential nanotherapeutic for osteoarthritis.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Article
- Advances in extracellular vesicle-based nanomedicine for regenerative orthopaedics.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as promising acellular nanotherapeutics for musculoskeletal repair. Matrix vesicles, a matrix-bound subset of EVs, are essential mediators of endochondral ossification (EO) in bone development and fracture repair. This study aims to design bioengineered matrix vesicles from hypertrophic cartilage microtissues to drive EO for bone repair. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (hBMSC) microtissues were differentiated with/without BMP2 in chondrogenic or hypertrophic medium. Isolated matrix vesicles were characterized for physiochemical properties and biological functionality. BMP2 and hypertrophic conditioning significantly increased vesicle yield (1.5-fold), alkaline phosphatase activity (3.24-fold), calcium-binding capacity (8.82-fold) and growth factor content (BMP2, VEGF). These vesicles promoted hBMSCs proliferation, migration and mineralization and enhanced angiogenesis in human endothelial colony forming cells, with BMP2 and hypertrophically conditioned vesicles showing the most pronounced effects. Proteomics analysis confirmed the enrichment of proteins involved in extracellular matrix remodelling, mineral deposition and vascularization within these hypertrophically engineered vesicles. These findings demonstrate that hypertrophic induction of cartilaginous microtissues substantially improves the yield and therapeutic potential of matrix vesicles. Taken together, this research unveils a powerful strategy to bioengineer developmentally inspired vesicles that not only recapitulate key cues of EO but offers a tailorable, multifunctional nanotherapeutic platform for improved bone regeneration strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.