ArticleInternational journal of integrated care
Integrated Oral Healthcare Model for Dependent Older Adults: An Experience-Based Co-Design Approach.
Article in International journal of integrated care. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To co-develop a stakeholder-informed oral healthcare model for dependent older adults that can be integrated into Thailand's existing Community-Based Long-Term Care (CBLTC) system using an Experience-Based Co-Design (EBCD) approach. Materials and Methods: A Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach was employed using Experience-Based Co-Design (EBCD). The process involved five iterative steps: baseline assessment, in-depth interviews, stakeholder-specific focus group discussions, a joint co-design session, and validation of the model. Participants included dependent older adults, formal and informal caregivers, family care teams, local authorities, and private-sector actors (N = 22). Data were collected through qualitative methods and analysed using inductive content analysis to derive the model components and assess stakeholder consensus. Results: The findings revealed a critical gap in oral healthcare within the current CBLTC framework, despite existing coordination across medical and social care. Participants identified barriers such as a lack of trained personnel, inadequate referral systems, and insufficient caregiver capacity. Through a structured co-design process, a community-specific oral healthcare model was developed. The model defines stakeholder roles, referral pathways, and action plans for implementation. Conclusion: The co-designed model offers a practical, equity-driven solution to a long-standing gap in Thailand's long-term care landscape. By embedding oral healthcare into the existing CBLTC infrastructure, the model elevates oral health as a critical component of holistic ageing care. Although further implementation and evaluation are required, this framework sets a precedent for inclusive, community-informed innovation that may inspire broader policy adoption and system-wide integration.
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