ArticleSchizophrenia research. Cognition2026
Distinct pattern of associations of cognitive insight and clinical insight with theory-of-mind and empathy in schizophrenia patients.
Article in Schizophrenia research. Cognition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Clinical insight and cognitive insight are two different dimensions. The theoretical model of insight growth posits that cognitive insight and social cognition are central for gaining clinical insight in schizophrenia patients, but empirical evidence remains limited. We aimed to examine the mediating role of two social cognitive constructs (theory-of-mind and empathy) in linking cognitive insight and clinical insight, and to clarify their role in bringing confluence of the two insight dimensions in schizophrenia patients. Method: Our sample comprised 139 schizophrenia patients. The Schedule for the Assessment of Insight (SAIE) and the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) measured the two dimensions of insight. The Faux Pas Task and the self-report Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) were used to measure theory-of-mind and empathy respectively. Correlational analyses and mediation modelling were used to clarify the relationships and mediating roles of social cognition with clinical insight and cognitive insight. Explorative cluster analysis was used to categorize patients into different groups with different insight patterns. Results: Theory-of-mind statistically mediated the relationship between clinical insight and cognitive insight. The three groups/clusters with varied insight patterns differed in theory-of-mind, empathy, social functioning, negative and disorganized symptoms. The group with non-confluent insight pattern showed poorer theory-of-mind and empathy than the group with high clinical insight and cognitive insight. Discussion: Theory-of-mind links cognitive insight with clinical insight. Schizophrenia patients may have a "non-confluent" insight pattern. Social cognition may bring confluence of insight dimensions. Together, our findings lend support to the insight-growth model of schizophrenia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.