ArticleAmerican journal of clinical and experimental immunology2026
IL-21 expression during sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis.
Article in American journal of clinical and experimental immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disorder involving immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immune response. Interleukin (IL)-21 IL-21 can regulate immune cell functions and IgE production. We aimed to explore the modulation of IL-21 expression before and after sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in AR patients and its correlation with IgE and Th2 cytokines.
methodsFifty AR patients were enrolled and treated with HDM allergen extract via SLIT. Serum levels of IL-21 and Th2 cytokines as well as IgE were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed to compare changes in cytokine levels and assess correlations.
resultsAfter 3 years of SLIT, serum levels of IL-21, Th2 cytokines and IgE were significantly reduced. Greater decreases were found in the effective treatment group compared to the ineffective group. The expression of IL-21 was correlated to IL-4 and IgE levels.
conclusionSLIT downregulates the expression of IL-21 and other Th2 cytokines, with IL-21 potentially serving as a biomarker for SLIT efficacy in AR patients.
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