ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2026
Long-term motor stability but increasing non-motor burden in multifocal motor neuropathy: a 6-year real-world follow-up study during the COVID-19 era.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder associated with long-term disability and reduced quality of life (QoL). Longitudinal real-world data on QoL in MMN are scarce, particularly during the COVID-19 era. This study aimed to evaluate long-term changes in QoL and disease outcomes in MMN patients over a 6-year follow-up and to assess the multidimensional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Twelve MMN patients were re-evaluated 6 years after baseline assessment. Functional disability was assessed using the INCAT disability score and I-RODS scale. QoL was measured using the SF-36 questionnaire, while depressive symptoms and fatigue were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Pandemic-related impact was assessed using a specifically designed questionnaire. Results: Functional disability remained overall stable during follow-up (INCAT total score 3.4 ± 2.2 vs. 3.3 ± 1.9). However, fatigue and depressive symptoms increased significantly, with the prevalence of fatigue rising from 17 to 58% and depression from 8 to 25% ( Conclusion: Long-term immunotherapy in MMN appears to stabilize motor disability but does not prevent the progressive increase of fatigue and depressive symptoms, which emerge as major contributors to long-term disease burden. The COVID-19 pandemic further affected healthcare access and psychosocial wellbeing. These findings support routine screening for fatigue and mental health symptoms and highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach to MMN management.
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