Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42179335›Full record

ArticleJournal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition2026

Nutritional adequacy and diet diversity following a tube weaning program.

Maisa Keski-Kuha, Josefine Limnell, Mari Ahlroos, Päivi Peldan, Laura Merras-Salmio, Jetta Tuokkola

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Article in Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Maisa Keski-KuhaNew Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Josefine LimnellNew Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Mari AhlroosClinical Nutrition Unit, Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Päivi PeldanNew Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Laura Merras-SalmioNew Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Jetta TuokkolaInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8523-2008

Funding

Signe ja Ane Gyllenbergin SäätiöVaasa Scientific Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesLimited research has examined nutritional changes following tube weaning. The main objective of this study was to investigate the adequacy and quality of nutrition, growth, and gastrointestinal symptoms in children undergoing a 3-week outpatient tube weaning program based on hunger provocation.

methodsPatient records from all children treated with a tube weaning program at Helsinki University Children's Hospital between May 2016 and May 2024 were reviewed retrospectively for nutritional intake, gastrointestinal symptoms, and growth.

resultsThe study included 51 patients (median age: 2.7 years [interquartile range, IQR 2.1-4.2]). Median duration of tube feeding before program was 2.4 years (IQR 1.9-3.3). In the last available follow-up, 37/51 (72.5%) of the children were successfully weaned off tube feeding. After the program, the median proportion of total energy intake derived from regular food and drinks increased from 6.2% to 77.2%, and the median energy derived from tube feeding decreased from 92.9% to 0.0% (p < 0.05 for all). Dietary diversity increased during follow-up, and a decrease in gastrointestinal symptoms was observed. After weaning, the intake of several vitamins and minerals from regular food alone did not meet the recommended levels and required supplementation.

conclusionsOur tube weaning program was effective in decreasing tube dependency, improving oral intake, and increasing dietary diversity. To ensure adequate energy, vitamin, and mineral intake, a sufficiently long-term follow-up after weaning and appropriate dietary supplementation are essential to prevent potential deficiencies. Securing growth and nutritional status requires a regular evaluation of dietary adequacy by a nutrition specialist.

Indexed as

DietEnteral NutritionNutritional StatusChild, PreschoolEnergy IntakeFemaleFinlandFollow-Up StudiesHumansInfantMaleRetrospective StudiesWeaningchildrenhunger provocationmicronutrientsnutritiontube feeding

Identifiers

PMID42179335
PMCPMC13446614

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.