ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2026
Clinical research progress and challenges of vaccine for human papillomavirus-associated cancers.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
As a major cause of cancer-related morbidity in women, cervical cancer is strongly related to chronic infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). This viral persistence also underpins the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of cancers. In this review, we summarize the research progress of prophylactic and therapeutic HPV vaccines in clinical trials. Furthermore, we present a critical analysis of future challenges, specifically discussing the type replacement phenomenon and its potential implications for long-term vaccine efficacy. We also expand the discourse to a pan-gender and pan-cancer scope, rigorously evaluating the necessity of gender-inclusive vaccination in the context of rising HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers. To overcome real-world implementation barriers, next-generation design strategies, such as chimeric virus-like particles, HPV L2-based vaccines, and heterologous prime-boost immunotherapy regimens for therapeutic HPV vaccines, should be expedited into clinical trials. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive perspective and a forward-looking roadmap for the immunotherapy of HPV-related malignancies.
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