Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42178569›Full record

ArticleMicrobiome2026

Ammonia oxidation and recalcitrant carbon degradation fuel mixotrophic growth in the symbiont community of a deep-sea sponge.

Alessandro N Garritano, Lilian J Hill, Bárbara Ribeiro, Taissa Damasceno, Laenne Medeiros, Gustavo Duarte, Caren L S Vilela, Marwan E Majzoub, Michelle A Allen, Jadranka Nappi and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Microbiome, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Alessandro N GarritanoCentre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia. alegarritano@gmail.com.
Lilian J HillInstituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, LEMM Laboratory, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Bárbara RibeiroKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Taissa DamascenoInstituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, LEMM Laboratory, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laenne MedeirosInstituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, LEMM Laboratory, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Gustavo DuarteKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Caren L S VilelaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Marwan E MajzoubCentre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
Michelle A AllenCentre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
Jadranka NappiCentre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
Raquel S PeixotoKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Torsten ThomasCentre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia. t.thomas@unsw.edu.au.

Funding

ANP, Brazil ANP 21005-4KAUST BAS/1/1095-01-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSponges are important members of shallow-water, benthic ecosystems, where they often rely on their microbial symbionts to acquire organic or inorganic carbon. Sponges are also found in the deep sea, however, how they metabolically interact there with their symbionts remains underexplored. Here, we combined metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and stable-isotope labelling approaches to investigate the metabolic activities of the microbial community of the deep-sea sponge Calyx sp.

resultsApproximately 84% of the total estimated microbial abundance was composed of nine heterotrophic phyla, whilst the remaining 16% consisted of two autotrophic ammonia-oxidising archaea. Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed the high expression of genes involved in the degradation of recalcitrant polysaccharides of algal origin, suggesting that an undegraded fraction of marine snow plays a role in the nutrition of this deep-sea holobiont. Additionally, we detected active ammonia oxidation and carbon fixation pathways in the autotrophic community members and, through ex situ incubations with labelled carbonate show a potential to fix 13.67 mg CO

conclusionsThis study highlights the mixotrophic lifestyle of a deep-sea sponge microbiome, expanding our knowledge of the sponge-microbe symbiosis in the oligotrophic environment of the deep ocean. Video Abstract.

Indexed as

AmmoniaArchaeaBacteriaCarbonMicrobiotaPoriferaSymbiosisAnimalsAutotrophic ProcessesCarbon CycleMetagenomicsOxidation-ReductionSeawaterAmmoniaCarbonCarbon fixationDeep-sea spongeHolobiontMixotrophyRecalcitrant carbon degradationSymbiosis

Identifiers

PMID42178569
PMCPMC13200403

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.