Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42178494›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of industrial medicine2026

"Left Out at the Kitchen Table": Exploring Peer Support Needs Among Women Firefighters.

Brittany S Hollerbach, Susan Ridenour, Carrie Sutherland, Maria D H Koeppel, Nattinee Jitnarin, Michelle Valenti, Derrick L Edwards, Kepra Jack, Jefferey L Burgess, Sara A Jahnke

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of industrial medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Brittany S HollerbachNDRI-USA Inc., Leawood, Kansas, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6350-8210
Susan RidenourNDRI-USA Inc., Leawood, Kansas, USA.
Carrie SutherlandNDRI-USA Inc., Leawood, Kansas, USA.
Maria D H KoeppelNDRI-USA Inc., Leawood, Kansas, USA.
Nattinee JitnarinNDRI-USA Inc., Leawood, Kansas, USA.
Michelle ValentiDepartment of Community, Environment, and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Derrick L EdwardsDepartment of Counseling and Psychology, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4111-0217
Kepra JackHeartFit for Duty, Mesa, Arizona, USA.
Jefferey L BurgessDepartment of Community, Environment, and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Sara A JahnkeNDRI-USA Inc., Leawood, Kansas, USA.

Funding

Federal Emergency Management Agency EMW-2019-FP-00526
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionFirefighting is a high-stress, high-risk occupation with well-documented physical, mental, and behavioral health challenges. While women firefighters report behavioral health outcomes similar to men when working in supportive environments, rates of depression, anxiety, and PTSD increase significantly in the context of workplace discrimination and exclusion. These challenges, often dismissed as human resources issues, emerge as critical health and safety concerns. Despite the growing adoption of peer support programs in the fire service, little is known about how these resources can be tailored to the needs of women firefighters.

methodsThis qualitative study used an inductive thematic analysis approach to explore women firefighters' perceptions and experiences with peer support in the fire service. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 35 women firefighters and key fire service stakeholders across the United States. Interviews explored perceptions of peer support, barriers to engagement, trust and comfort within peer support networks, and preferred communication and messaging strategies.

resultsParticipants described widespread concerns related to stigma, confidentiality, and access to culturally competent care. Thematic analysis revealed seven key domains: barriers to support, effective messaging, the role of peer support, gendered workplace dynamics, resource needs, leadership influence, and stress relief strategies. Many participants emphasized the importance of inclusive, integrated support programs that acknowledge but do not isolate women in the fire service. DISCUSSION: Findings highlight the need for proactive, inclusive peer support strategies that reflect the lived experiences of women firefighters. Insights from these interviews provide critical guidance for the development of peer support resources that foster connection, trust, and psychological safety.

Indexed as

FirefightersPeer GroupSocial SupportAdultFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSocial StigmaUnited StatesWorking ConditionsWorkplaceexposurefirefightersfirst respondersoccupationalpeer support

Identifiers

PMID42178494
PMCPMC13350290

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.