ArticleApplied biochemistry and biotechnology2026
The Impact of 125I Particle Implantation Therapy on Telomerase Activity and WNT5A/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Thyroid Cancer Cells.
Article in Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Radioactive iodine-125 (¹²⁵I) seed implantation is an increasingly important brachytherapy approach in cancer treatment. WNT5A is known to promote tumor cell proliferation and migration. This study aimed to elucidate the anticancer mechanisms of ¹²⁵I irradiation in thyroid cancer (TC) cells, with a particular focus on its effects on telomerase activity and the WNT5A/β-catenin signaling pathway. Telomerase activity in thyroid cancer (TC) cells was assessed using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay, and telomere length was determined by qPCR. The impact of ¹²⁵I irradiation on cell proliferation, invasion, and migration was measured by MTT, colony formation, Transwell, and wound healing assays. The underlying molecular pathways were investigated both in vitro and in a murine xenograft model. Compared with X-rays, ¹²⁵I irradiation produced markedly stronger cytotoxic effects, decreasing colony formation by ~ 45-60% and reducing telomerase activity by ~ 50%, while doubling apoptosis levels. It also impaired migration, lowering wound-healing closure by ~ 35-40% and reducing Transwell migration and invasion by 40-55%, accompanied by significant downregulation of WNT5A and β-catenin. Exogenous WNT5A partially restored β-catenin expression and improved migration by ~ 25%. In vivo, ¹²⁵I seed implantation reduced tumor volume by ~ 50% and final tumor weight by ~ 45% relative to X-ray treatment. Radioactive ¹²⁵I exerts its anticancer activity through a novel dual mechanism involving the downregulation of telomerase activity and the inactivation of WNT5A/β-catenin signaling. Our findings provide compelling preclinical evidence for the efficacy of ¹²⁵I particle brachytherapy in the treatment of patients with thyroid cancer.
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