ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology2026
Sex differences in the progression of salt-sensitive hypertension in aged Dahl salt-sensitive rats.
Article in American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor that is exacerbated by aging. Emerging evidence suggests complex mechanistic pathways involving renal sodium handling, vascular dysfunction, and hormonal alterations that vary by sex and age. The Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat model provides an excellent platform for investigating age-related changes in blood pressure regulation under high-salt conditions. This study examined the development of salt-sensitive hypertension in aged Dahl SS rats (>30 wk old; both males and females), focusing on sex differences in survival and blood pressure. Female animals were further categorized by breeding status (breeder vs. nonbreeder) to evaluate the effects of reproductive history on cardiovascular outcomes. Male and female rats demonstrated similar overall survival rates (60%) during the high-salt challenge, although mortality occurred earlier in females. Males exhibited lower baseline mean arterial pressure compared with females. No significant differences were observed between breeder and nonbreeder females in survival, blood pressure, or heart rate. Circadian rhythm analysis revealed that females had a higher mesor before high-salt exposure and a shifted acrophase during the first 4 days of the diet. Urinary cystatin C increased significantly in females but not in males following high-salt exposure. Overall, aged female rats exhibited higher baseline cardiovascular parameters, including blood pressure and heart-to-body weight ratio (HBW), and greater renal stress responses (cystatin C and electrolyte excretion) than males, despite similar survival rates. These findings provide new insights into sex-specific cardiovascular and renal responses to salt loading in aging and may help explain sex-dependent differences in salt-sensitive hypertension.
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