ArticleNeurology and therapy2026
Reduced Childhood Outdoor Exposure Raises Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (PedMS) Risk.
Article in Neurology and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionSun exposure may influence MS susceptibility, but evidence in pediatric-onset MS (PedMS) is limited. We examined whether reduced early-childhood outdoor time (a proxy for lower sun exposure) is associated with PedMS risk.
methodsIn the Italian multicenter PEDIGREE Study, environmental data were collected using the PEQ-IT questionnaire. We enrolled individuals < 18 years with PedMS and disease duration ≤ 5 years and controls without CNS inflammatory disorders. Outdoor time was reported by season and age (0-1, 1-2, 3-5 years); reduced activity was defined as < 60 min/week.
resultsWe included 114 PedMS cases and 121 controls. Cases were 77.2% female; mean (SD) age 16.8 (2.7) years; mean (SD) age at onset 14.2 (2.6) years; median EDSS 1.0 (range 0-4.0). Associations were strongest in winter: reduced outdoor time was associated with higher odds of PedMS in the first year (adjOR 3.02, 95%CI 1.50-6.08), ages 1-2 (adjOR 2.72, 95%CI 1.45-5.09), and ages 3-5 (adjOR 2.66, 95%CI 1.40-5.07). Across ages 0-5, low winter outdoor activity remained strongly associated (adjOR 4.30, 95%CI 1.82-10.17). Other seasons showed weaker but overall significant trends.
conclusionLimited early-childhood outdoor activity may be associated with increased PedMS risk; larger longitudinal studies are needed.
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