The global and domestic in policy: Impacts on medical education and migration.

Zakia Arfeen, Dawit Wondimagegn, David Rojas, Katherine Woolf, Cynthia Whitehead

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Clinical medicine (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Cardiovascular disease: everybody's business.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zakia ArfeenUniversity College London Medical School, 74 Huntley Street, London WC1E6DE, UK. Electronic address: z.arfeen@ucl.ac.uk.

Dawit WondimagegnCollege of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Zambia Street, 2Q92+P2W, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; The Wilson Centre, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto and University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street 1ES-559, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada. Electronic address: dawit.wondimagegn@aau.edu.et.

David RojasThe Wilson Centre, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto and University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street 1ES-559, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Toronto, 123 Edward Street Suite 1200, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1E2, Canada. Electronic address: david.rojas@utoronto.ca.

Katherine WoolfUniversity College London Medical School, 74 Huntley Street, London WC1E6DE, UK. Electronic address: k.woolf@ucl.ac.uk.

Cynthia WhiteheadThe Wilson Centre, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto and University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street 1ES-559, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada; Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue 5th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7, Canada; Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1B2, Canada. Electronic address: cynthia.whitehead@utoronto.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Healthcare systems around the world face major challenges related to globalisation, technological advancements, and inequities in resource and workforce shortages. As medical educators turn to social accountability to address the needs of their communities and regions, global and domestic issues are often incongruent. Globally, the migration of medical doctors affects almost all countries of all income levels. Imperial legacies continue to shape the migratory patterns of international medical graduates and the challenges that these doctors face during and after migration. This paper examines the impact of accreditation and regulatory practices on the landscape of migration policies and governance, discusses the experiences of doctors working overseas, detrimental effects on exporting countries, and examines some potential mitigating strategies that support exporting countries. Across all these areas, medical education can play a key role to reconcile tensions between competing domestic and global concerns.

Indexed as

Education, MedicalEmigration and ImmigrationForeign Medical GraduatesAccreditationBrain DrainHumansInternationalityAccreditationCollaborationsInternational medical graduatesMedical educationMedical migration

Identifiers

PMID42176898

DOI10.1016/j.clinme.2026.100599

PMCPMC13273118

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.