ArticleJournal of materials science. Materials in medicine2026
Synergistic effects of denosumab and BMP-2 on bone regeneration in critical-sized femoral defects in ovariectomized rats.
Article in Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Osteoporotic bone defects pose significant clinical challenges due to poor natural repair capacity. Denosumab (DNB) strongly inhibits osteoclast activity, while Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) effectively promotes bone formation; however, it remains unclear whether combining DNB and BMP-2 can enhance bone repair in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. We investigated the effects of local BMP-2 implantation and systemic DNB treatment on bone regeneration in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT) and H&E staining showed that DNB and BMP-2 synergistically accelerated healing of osteoporotic bone defects over 12 weeks. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and biomechanical analyses revealed that DNB/BMP-2 increased expression of osteopontin(OPN), osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor(OPG) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and decreased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) levels compared to the OVX group (all P < 0.05). Moreover, DNB/BMP-2 significantly improved torsional stiffness and maximum compressive force versus either treatment alone (all P < 0.05). The findings demonstrate that systemic DNB combined with local BMP-2 rapidly promotes femoral metaphyseal bone regeneration in osteoporotic rats.
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