ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2026
A regression-based equation for postoperative spontaneous correction of the unfused proximal thoracic curve in lenke types 1 and 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePostoperative shoulder imbalance (PSI) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery is associated with postoperative T1 tilt. Upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) tilt can be surgically adjusted; however, controlling T1 tilt remains challenging because the postoperative behavior of the unfused proximal thoracic curve (T1-UIV angle) is unpredictable. We aimed to develop and validate a regression-based equation for predicting the final follow-up (FFU) T1-UIV angle in AIS.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we included 97 consecutive patients with AIS (Lenke Types 1 and 2) who underwent surgery. The T1-UIV angle was measured preoperatively, intraoperatively (post-correction), and at FFU. Factors associated with the FFU T1-UIV angle were evaluated using multiple linear regression based on predefined preoperative and surgically adjustable variables, and a regression-based equation was derived. Predictive performance was assessed using a separate internal validation cohort. Predicted T1 tilt, calculated as intraoperative UIV tilt + predicted FFU T1-UIV angle, was evaluated for its association with FFU radiographic shoulder height (RSH).
resultsMultivariate analysis identified the preoperative T1-UIV angle (B = 0.61, p < 0.001) and UIV tilt (B = 0.08, p = 0.030) as independent factors associated with the FFU T1-UIV angle. The regression-based equation was defined as follows: Model 1 = 1.2 + 0.61 × (preoperative T1-UIV angle) + (preoperative UIV tilt / 12). To enhance clinical ease of use, a simplified single-parameter model was also developed: Model 2 = 0.6 × (preoperative T1-UIV angle). Bothmodels demonstrated good internal validity (Model 1: mean absolute error [MAE] = 2.07°, adjusted R² = 0.694; Model 2: MAE = 1.75°, adjustedR² = 0.757), with Model 2 showing comparable predictive performance despite its simplicity. Predicted T1 tilt was significantly associated with FFU RSH (r = 0.517, p < 0.001).
conclusionThese regression-based equations can provide a practical intraoperative reference for UIV tilt adjustment and may help reduce PSI. The simplified Model 2 offers a particularly practical bedside tool.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42176016What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.