Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42175399›Full record

ArticleMedicine2026

Circulating proteins and risk of small vessel stroke: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Ziwei Gao, Yawen Xu, Yue Chen, Dezhi Kang, Yuanxiang Lin, Peisen Yao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ziwei GaoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Yawen XuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Yue ChenDepartment of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Dezhi KangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Yuanxiang LinDepartment of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Peisen YaoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3313-6302

Funding

Technology Platform Construction Project of Fujian Province 2021Y2001the Excellent Talent Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University YYXQN-YPS2021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To identify promising circulating biomarkers for small vessel stroke (SVS), we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) design to systematically screen circulating proteins for potential development of SVS. We performed two-sample MR analyses to estimate the associations between 4782 human circulating proteins (including immunity-related proteins) and risk of SVS. We selected 359 circulating proteins in MR estimation (4422 circulating proteins with <3 SNPs were excluded) with totally 5368 European descents. Summary statistics for SVS originated from the MEGASTROKE Consortium, involving 446,696 participants. MR analyses were conducted to estimate associations of circulating proteins with SVS. After inverse variance weighting and sensitivity analysis filtration, GRAMD1C causally increased the risk of SVS (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.71-4.76, P = 5.61e-05). In addition, PTGR1 (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.04-1.27, P = 6.65e-03) presented a suggestive association with SVS. In this two-sample MR investigation, a significant association was identified between the cholesterol transporter GRAMD1C and SVS, indicating its potential as a promising target for diagnosis and therapy.

Indexed as

Mendelian Randomization AnalysisStrokeBiomarkersHumansPolymorphism, Single NucleotideRisk FactorsBiomarkerscausal effectcirculating proteinsGRAMD1CMendelian randomizationPTGR1small vessel stroke

Identifiers

PMID42175399
PMCPMC13200920

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.