ArticleBMC public health2026
The impact of physical activity on reading literacy in 9-10-year-old children: the mediating role of executive function.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the influence of physical activity on reading literacy in children aged 9-10 years and to examine the mediating role of executive function.
methodsA cross-sectional study design was adopted, involving 293 children aged 9-10 years (Valid sample size: 282). Physical activity levels were assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). Reading literacy (literary and informational texts) was evaluated using the PIRLS 2021 assessment. Core components of executive function-inhibitory control (Flanker task), working memory (1-back task), and cognitive flexibility (Trail Making Test, TMT)-were measured using experimental paradigms. The mediation effect was tested using the Bootstrap method with 5,000 resamples.
resultsThe gender distribution of the sample was balanced. For parental education, the highest proportion of parents held high school or vocational college degrees, and the majority of household incomes were concentrated in the middle-income bracket. The mean physical activity score for children was 2.97 ± 0.76, indicating a moderate-to-low level. Girls significantly outperformed boys in both literary (17.26 ± 4.84 vs. 16.27 ± 4.55) and informational (15.37 ± 4.63 vs. 14.13 ± 5.51) reading literacy. No significant gender differences were observed in any executive function subcomponents: inhibitory control (142.74 ± 81.53), working memory (1040.43 ± 86.10), or cognitive flexibility (93.99 ± 30.73). Additionally, parental education level and household income had significant effects on children's physical activity, reading literacy, and executive function. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that physical activity was positively correlated with both literary (r = 0.341) and informational (r = 0.319) reading literacy, indicating weak positive correlations. Physical activity showed significant negatively correlated with all executive function subcomponents (inhibitory control: r =-0.457; working memory: r = -0.431; cognitive flexibility: r = -0.393), suggesting weak-to-moderate negative correlations. Both types of reading literacy were negatively correlated with all executive function subcomponents. (∣r∣= ranging from 0.293 to 0.457), also representing weak-to-moderate associations. The structural equation model indicated that the total effect of physical activity on reading literacy was 0.160, the direct effect was 0.093, and the indirect effect mediated by executive function was 0.070, accounting for 43% of the total effect.
conclusions(1) Children's physical activity level is positively correlated with reading literacy and can serve as a significant predictor of reading proficiency; (2) Executive function partially mediates the association between physical activity and reading literacy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.