Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42174390›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2026

Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma involving the Portal Vein Main Trunk and/or the Inferior Vena Cava: Experience From a Multidisciplinary Liver Cancer Clinic.

I-Chia Liu, Atif Zaheer, Chen Hu, Christopher Shubert, Kelly Lafaro, William R Burns, Richard Burkhart, Jin He, Benjamin Philosophe, Jane Zorzi and 14 more

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Article in Cancer medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

I-Chia LiuDepartment of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Atif ZaheerDepartment of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Chen HuDivision of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins Medicine Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Christopher ShubertDepartment of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Kelly LafaroDepartment of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
William R BurnsDepartment of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Richard BurkhartDepartment of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Jin HeDepartment of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Benjamin PhilosopheDepartment of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Jane ZorziSidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Paige GriffithSidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Alexandra T StraussDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Amy K KimDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Robert LiddellDivision of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Kelvin HongDivision of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Christos GeorgiadesDivision of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Robert AndersDepartment of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Kiyoko OshimaDepartment of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Elsa HallabSidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Amol NarangDepartment of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Won Jin HoSidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-5086
Mark YarchoanSidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Marina BarettiSidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Jeffrey MeyerDepartment of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVascular invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly involving the main portal vein or inferior vena cava (IVC), is associated with poor prognosis. However, contemporary real-world outcomes and the clinical benefit of liver-directed therapies (LDT) in this setting are poorly defined. We evaluated outcomes of patients with vascular invasion managed in a multidisciplinary liver cancer clinic.

methodsWe retrospectively analyzed outcomes for patients with HCC who presented to the Johns Hopkins Liver Multidisciplinary Clinic between 2020 and 2024, with radiographic evidence of the tumor thrombus in the main portal vein and/or IVC. Overall (OS) and progression-free survival and gastrointestinal variceal bleeding incidence were evaluated. Associations between clinical variables and outcomes were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression.

resultsFifty-four patients met our study criteria. Forty-eight patients (89%) had portal vein main trunk invasion, and 13 (24%) had IVC tumor thrombus. Treatment included systemic therapy alone in 30 patients (56%), systemic therapy and LDT in 15 patients (28%), best supportive care in six patients (11%), and LDT alone in three patients (6%). Median OS was 5.7 months (95% CI: 2.6-12 months). Median survival was shorter among patients with IVC involvement (4.1 months, 95% CI: 0.82-5.7 months) than those without (7.6 months, 95% CI: 2.3-17 months), which was independently associated with worse prognosis in multivariable analysis (HR: 4.0, 95% CI: 1.5-11, p = 0.0051). Other significant findings of multivariable analysis include performance status (HR: 7.2, 95% CI: 2.7-19, p < 0.0001) and viral hepatitis (HR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.23-0.79, p = 0.027). Four patients (7%) experienced bleeding esophageal varices requiring intervention.

conclusionsHCC with tumor thrombus involving the main portal vein and/or IVC is associated with poor survival in real-world clinical practice. Prospective studies are needed to define the optimal management of this high-risk population.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularLiver NeoplasmsPortal VeinVena Cava, InferiorAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesTreatment Outcome

Identifiers

PMID42174390
PMCPMC13238536

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.