Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42174321›Full record

SynthesisJournal of robotic surgery2026

AI-based automated bleeding monitoring in conventional and robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery: a systematic review.

Prosper Magara, Sudesh Sivarasu, Lamees Ras, Ahmed Biyabani, Abby Blocker, Majahonkhe Shabangu, Bessie Malila

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of robotic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Prosper MagaraBiomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, Western Cape, South Africa. mgrpro001@myuct.ac.za.
Sudesh SivarasuBiomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, Western Cape, South Africa.
Lamees RasDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Ahmed BiyabaniCollege of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Africa, Regional ICT Center of Excellence Bldg, Kigali Innovation City, Kigali, Rwanda.
Abby BlockerBiomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, Western Cape, South Africa.
Majahonkhe ShabanguBiomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, Western Cape, South Africa.
Bessie MalilaDepartment of Electrical and Engineering Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.

Funding

African Research Initiative for Scientific Excellence (ARISE DCI-PANAF/2020/420-028African Research Initiative for Scientific Excellence (ARISE) DCI-PANAF/2020/420-028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence has emerged as a promising approach for improving the detection and management of intraoperative bleeding during conventional and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery, where delayed recognition of hemorrhage can lead to increased morbidity and procedural complexity. This review synthesizes current evidence on the use of artificial intelligence for intraoperative bleeding monitoring, with a particular focus on performance, feasibility, and clinical integration. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Comprehensive searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, Embase, and grey literature identified studies published between 2016 and 2025 that applied artificial intelligence to bleeding prediction, detection, localization, tracking, and quantitative blood-loss estimation during conventional and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery. Data relating to study design, model architectures, evaluation metrics, latency, and integration feasibility were extracted and summarized narratively. Across the included studies, artificial intelligence models demonstrated high detection accuracy in predominantly single-centre, retrospective, or simulation-based settings, with several approaches reporting promising real-time feasibility under controlled experimental conditions. Emerging work also explored bleeding source tracking, blood-loss estimation, and early integration into surgical workflows. However, most studies relied on small, single-center datasets and retrospective validation, limiting generalizability and clinical translation. Overall, artificial intelligence-based bleeding monitoring in conventional and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery shows increasing technical maturity and potential, though largely unvalidated in prospective clinical settings. Future research should prioritize large, multi-institutional datasets, prospective clinical evaluation, and optimized low-latency deployment within real surgical workflows to support safe and effective intraoperative use.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceBlood Loss, SurgicalLaparoscopyMonitoring, IntraoperativeRobotic Surgical ProceduresHumansArtificial intelligenceConventional and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgeryEstimated blood lossIntraoperative bleedingMinimally invasive surgery

Identifiers

PMID42174321
PMCPMC13197375

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.