SynthesisJournal of neurology2026
External sensory cueing on gait in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThis systematic review and network meta-analysis compares the individual and synergistic efficacy of external sensory cueing modalities to establish a treatment hierarchy for optimizing spatiotemporal gait parameters in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).
methodsA systematic literature search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating visual, auditory, somatosensory, or combined cueing modalities in individuals with PD were eligible. Trials were required to compare at least two active cueing modalities or an active modality against a control condition and report gait velocity and/or stride length.
resultsThirty-three RCTs (n = 1118 participants) were included. For gait velocity, somatosensory (MD = 0.12 m/s; 95% CI 0.04-0.19) and visual cues (MD = 0.11 m/s; 95% CI 0.02-0.20) demonstrated significant improvements over control. For stride length, visual (MD = 11.46 cm; 95% CI 6.40-16.51), somatosensory (MD = 10.74 cm; 95% CI 7.04-14.44), and auditory cues (MD = 5.25 cm; 95% CI 0.43-10.06) all yielded statistically significant benefits. P-score rankings identified somatosensory cues as the top-ranked modality for gait velocity (P-score = 0.71) and visual cues for stride length (P-score = 0.83). Global heterogeneity was substantial (I
conclusionsExternal sensory cueing improves spatiotemporal gait parameters in PD, with somatosensory and visual cues emerging as the most effective modalities for enhancing gait velocity and stride length. Both modalities outperformed standalone auditory stimulation, providing a data-driven hierarchy to guide evidence-based cueing selection in clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.