ArticleScientific reports2026
Phytochemical profiling and in-vitro antibacterial activity of Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile leaf and stem bark extracts against selected human pathogens.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Medicinal plants have long been utilized for their antiseptic, antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties in the treatment of human diseases. Croton macrostachyus is a prominent medicinal plant widely used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of various diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, cough, diabetes, rabies and dysentery. This study aimed to investigate the in-vitro antibacterial activity of ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts derived from the leaves and stem bark of C. macrostachyus against selected human bacterial pathogens. Crude extracts were prepared using the maceration method with the aforementioned solvents. Antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined following clinical laboratory standards institute guidelines. Additionally, qualitative phytochemical analyses were also performed using the standard protocols. All extracts exhibited the inhibitory against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, with S. aureus showing the highest susceptibility. The antibacterial effect was concentration dependent, and leaf extracts demonstrated greater activity compared to stem bark extracts. Among the tested solvents, the methanolic crude extracts ahowed the strongest antibacterial activity. The MIC values of leaf extracts ranged from 0.625 to 2.25 mg/mL while MBC values ranged from 1.25 to 5 mg/mL. Phytochemical analysis of leaf extracts revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids saponins, flavonoids, glycosides and phenolic compounds in ethanol and methanol based extraction, whereas alkaloids were absent in ethyl acetate based extraction. In contrast stem bark extracts contained glycosides across all solvents, while alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds were absent. Tannins and saponins were detected in ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts but not in methanol extracts. Therefore, the present research concludes that the leaf extracts of C. macrostachyus exhibited highest antibacterial activity compared to stem bark extracts. The presence of bioactive phytochemicals supports the traditional use of C. macrostachyus in the treatment of various diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.