ArticleClinical and translational allergy2026
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis Act in Concert to Disrupt the Nasal Epithelial Barrier.
Article in Clinical and translational allergy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) pathophysiology and its link to microbiome is an area of ongoing investigation. Certain pathogens, in particular Staphylococcus aureus described to contribute to recalcitrant CRS. In addition, different species of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are frequently isolated from the sinonasal cavity of CRS patients. However, the influence of Staphylococcal species coexisting in the same niche on the inflammatory process remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of exoproteins from various Staphylococcus species isolated from the same patients on the mucosal barrier.
methodsStaphylococcal species isolated from CRS and control patients were cultured from sinus swabs in planktonic and biofilm forms, and their exoproteins extracted. Primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) from CRS patients were cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI) and exposed to 20 μg/mL exoproteins or control. Barrier disruption and cytotoxicity were assessed by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), passage of fluorescein labeled dextrans and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. IL- 6 concentration was measured employing ELISA. Patient's matched sinonasal tissue samples were analyzed with flow cytometry to detect and quantify immune cells.
resultsForty-four Staphylococcal species were isolated from 22 CRS and control patients including: 22 S. aureus, 12 S. epidermidis, and 10 S. lugdunensis. 15 out of 22 S. aureus exoproteins significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, reduced TEER values and increased paracellular permeability compared to control (p < 0.05). By contrast, S. epidermidis and S. lugdunensis exoproteins caused either mild or negligible effects on the TEER values, cell viability, and paracellular permeability. However, S. lugdunensis exoproteins induced significantly higher IL-6 compared to control. Correlation analysis indicated S. aureus and S. lugdunensis from the same patient acted in concert to disrupt the nasal epithelial barrier and induce toxicity.
conclusionThis study shows the significant and detrimental impact of the presence of S. aureus exoproteins on nasal epithelial cell barrier function. S. aureus and S. lugdunensis isolated from the same patients acted in concert to affect the nasal barrier and inducing toxicity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.